Zinc, in the form of an alloy with brass, has been known since the time of Ancient Greece, India, China, however, zinc is found in nature only in combination with other components. Prior to the invention in 1746 of a method for purifying a mixture and separating pure zinc from it, this metal was available only in alloys.
Zinc mining is carried out from polymetallic ores containing from 1% to 4% zinc sulfide. In order to obtain a sufficient amount of zinc concentrate (50-60%) for its smelting into zinc in ingots, the initial polymetallic ore is subjected to enrichment. Moreover, as a result of enrichment in parallel with zinc, the resulting concentrate also contains lead, copper, and sometimes pyrite concentrates. Further, zinc concentrates are calcined in furnaces in a fluidized bed, converting the initial zinc sulfide to ZnO oxide, and the sulfur dioxide gas SO2 formed in this process is used to produce sulfuric acid.